机器视觉系统是指通过机器视觉设备将被摄取目标转换成图像信号，传送给专用的图像处理系统，根据像素分布和亮度、颜色等信息，转变成数字化信号；图像系统对这些信号进行各种运算来抽取目标的特征，进而根据判别的结果来控制现场的设备动作。

机器视觉就是用机器代替人眼来做测量和判断， 缺陷检测设备，在某些人工作业危险的工作环境，或人眼无法满足的环境，常用机器视觉来替代人眼。

Machine vision system refers to the conversion of the captured object into image signal through machine vision equipment, which is transmitted to a special image processing system. According to the information of pixel distribution, brightness, color and so on, it is transformed into digital signal. The image system carries out various operations on these signals to extract the characteristics of the target, and then controls the device action on the spot according to the result of discrimination.

Machine vision is to use machine instead of human eyes to measure and judge. In some dangerous working environment or unsatisfactory environment, machine vision is often used to replace human eyes.

 

机器视觉检测可以提高检测精准度和生产效率，在产品数量庞大，检测精度不高的情况下， 汽车配件检测设备，人工检测效率低，且精准度远不足机器，因此越来越多的机器视觉检测设备开始代替人工。

一个典型的工业机器视觉系统包括：光源、镜头、CCD 相机和COMS相机、图像处理单元（或图像捕获卡）、图像处理软件、监视器、通讯 / 输入输出单元等。

机器视觉检测系统的工作原理是利用CCD照相机将被检测的产品转换成图像信号，然后传送到工业电脑图像处理系统，根据像素分布和亮度、颜色等信息，转变成数字化信号，图像处理系统对这些信号进行各种运算来抽取目标的特征，如面积、长度、数量、位置， 尺寸检测设备，再根据预设的允许度和其他条件输出结果，包括尺寸、角度、个数、合格 / 不合格、有 / 无等，实现自动识别功能。

Machine vision inspection can improve the detection accuracy and production efficiency. In the case of large number of products and low detection accuracy, the manual detection efficiency is low, and the accuracy is far from enough for the machine. Therefore, more and more machine vision inspection equipment began to replace the manual.

A typical industrial machine vision system includes light source, lens, CCD camera and COMS camera, image processing unit (or image capture card), image processing software, monitor, communication/input/output unit, etc.

The working principle of machine vision detection system is to use CCD camera to convert the detected products into image signals, and then transmit them to industrial computer image processing system. According to the information of pixel distribution, brightness, color and so on, the system transforms them into digital signals. The image processing system carries out various operations on these signals to extract the characteristics of the target, such as area, length, quantity, location, and then. According to the preset permissibility and other conditions output results, including size, angle, number, qualified/unqualified, yes/no, etc., to achieve automatic identification function.

 

机器视觉主要应用在哪些方面呢？

机器视觉的应用主要有检测和机器人视觉两个方面：

1. 检测：又可分为高精度定量检测和不用量器的定性或半定量检测。高精度的检测，例如显微照片的细胞分类、机械零部件的尺寸和位置测量；非高精度检测主要应用在工业领域更为突出，例如产品的外观检查、装配线上的零部件识别定位、缺陷性检测与装配完全性检测。

What are the main applications of machine vision?

The application of machine vision includes detection and robot vision.

1. Detection: It can also be divided into high-precision quantitative detection and qualitative or semi-quantitative detection without gauge. High-precision detection, such as cell classification of microphotographs, size and position measurement of mechanical parts; non-high-precision detection is more prominent in industrial areas, such as product appearance inspection, parts identification and positioning on assembly line, defect detection and assembly integrity detection.

 

2. 机器人视觉：用于指引机器人在大范围内的操作和行动，如从料斗送出的杂乱工件堆中拣取工件并按一定的方位放在传输带或其他设备上（即料斗拣取问题）。至于小范围内的操作和行动，还需要借助于触觉传感技术。此外还有：（1）自动光学检查（2）人脸侦测（3）无人驾驶汽车

2. Robot vision: It is used to guide the operation and action of the robot in a wide range, such as picking up the workpieces from the messy workpieces sent out by the hopper and placing them on the conveyor belt or other equipment in a certain direction (i.e. hopper picking problem). For small-scale operations and actions, tactile sensing technology is also needed. In addition, there are: (1) automatic optical inspection (2) face detection (3) driverless vehicle.

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